李非栗
博士
物理海洋学，教授、博士生导师
Dr. Feili Li
Professor of Physical Oceanography
Tel:
Fax:
Email:
feili.li@xmu.edu.cn
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个人履历
Brief CV
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2021.02–, Professor, Xiamen University
2019.10–2021.01, Senior Research Scientist, Georgia Institute of Technology
2017.02–2019.09, Research Scientist, Duke University
2014.10–2017.01, Postdoctoral Research Associate, Duke University
2014.05–2014.09, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, George Mason University
2014, Ph.D. in Physical Oceanography, University of Delaware
研究方向
Research Interests
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We are interested in understanding how and why the large-scale ocean circulation changes, and how the change affects the ocean's heat and freshwater (re)distributions and the feedback. Current research interests include:
1. Deep-water formation and transport
2. Meridional overturning circulation
3. Heat and freshwater exchanges across ocean basins
4. Ocean observing system configuration
In our research, we incorporate field and satellite observations for characterizing changes in ocean currents and properties, and utilize model output to investigate processes that occur at the time scales longer than the observational records.
代表性论文
Selected Publications
- Li, F., M.S. Lozier, S. Bacon, A. Bower, S.A. Cunningham, M.F. de Jong, B. deYoung, N. Fraser, N. Fried, G. Han, N.P. Holliday, J. Holte, L. Houpert, M.E. Inall, W.E. Johns, S. Jones, C. Johnson, J. Karstensen, I.A. LeBras, P. Lherminier, X. Lin, H. Mercier, M. Oltmanns, A. Pacini, T. Petit, R.S. Pickart, D. Rayner, F. Straneo, V. Thierry, M. Visbeck, I. Yashayaev, C. Zhou, 2021: Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation, Nature Communications, 12, 3002, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23350-2.
- Li, F., M.S. Lozier, N.P. Holliday, W.E. Johns, I.A. Le Bras, B.I. Moat, S.A. Cunningham, F.M. de Jong, 2021: Observation-based estimates of heat and freshwater exchanges from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Arctic, Progress in Oceanography, 197, 102640, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102640.
- Fu, Y., F. Li, J. Karstensen, C. Wang, 2020: A stable Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a changing North Atlantic Ocean since the 1990s, Science Advances, 6(48), eabc7836, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc7836.
- Li, F., M.S. Lozier, G. Danabasoglu, N.P. Holliday, Y.-O. Kwon, A. Romanou, S.G. Yeager, R. Zhang, 2019: Local and downstream relationships between Labrador Sea Water volume and North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability, Journal of Climate, 32(13), 3883–3898, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0735.1.
- Lozier, M.S., F. Li, S. Bacon, F. Bahr, A.S. Bower, S.A. Cunningham, M.F. de Jong, L. de Steur, B. deYoung, J. Fischer, S.F. Gary, B.J.W. Greenan, N.P. Holliday, A. Houk, L. Houpert, M.E. Inall, W.E. Johns, H.L. Johnson, C. Johnson, J. Karstensen, G. Koman, I.A. Le Bras, X. Lin, N. Mackay, D.P. Marshall, H. Mercier, M. Oltmanns, R.S. Pickart, A.L. Ramsey, D. Rayner, F. Straneo, V. Thierry, D.J. Torres, R.G. Williams, C. Wilson, J. Yang, I. Yashayaev, J. Zhao, 2019: A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic, Science, 363(6426), 516-521, doi:10.1126/science.aau6592.
学术任职
Affiliations/Service
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Member, CLIVAR Atlantic Region Panel (2025-2027)
Co-chair, XMAS Local Organizing Committee (2023-2025)
Review panelist and ad-hoc reviewer for the U.S. National Science Foundation Physical Oceanography Program
Reviewer for Science Advances, Reviews of Geophysics, Geophysical Research Letters, Journal of Geophysical Research, Journal of Climate, Climate Dynamics, Ocean Sciences, Earth System Science Data, Scientific Reports
Research Projects
Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)
I am currently working on research projects that focus on the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP). OSNAP is a trans-basin observing system, which is providing sustained measures of the full water-column volume, heat and freshwater transports at subpolar latitudes where warm saline waters of the subtropical origin meet cold fresh waters of the Arctic origin. I am investigating the structure and variability of ocean circulations in the region (both overturning and gyre) and the mechanisms at which they vary and impact the heat and freshwater distributions. I have been involved in the management and coordination of the OSNAP projects, and am leading the working groups on various issues related to the data management and analysis, as well as array optimization.
Inter-basin heat and freshwater exchanges
The ocean's role in our climate system stems from its capacity in transporting a large amount of heat and salt (or freshwater) across ocean basins. I am investigating the spatial-temporal characteristics of the related transports and their potential feedback in a changing climate. I am using observational records to constrain oceanic heat/salt redistributions, and to analyze the property changes in relation to ocean circulations.
Funded Projects
The National Key Research and Development Program, "The key processes and mechanisms of anthropogenic warming influencing the decadal variability of the air-sea system", 2023.12-2028.11, Co-PI.
厦门市“双百计划”高层次创新人才（2023）
国家高层次青年人才（2022）
第七批福建省引才“百人计划”青年人才（2021）
厦门大学南强青年拔尖A类人才（2021）
Group Members
Dr. Weimin Jiang
RESEARCH FELLOW（2024.5-~）
Weimin Jiang earned her Ph.D. from Sorbonne Université in France in 2022 and continued as a postdoctoral researcher there until April 2024. Her research focuses on the low-frequency variability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and its impacts on climate. She has now joined Professor Li’s team to work on the decadal variability of the AMOC in the context of climate change. In her spare time, she enjoys hiking, cycling, reading, and playing badminton.
Email: weimin.jiang@xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-412 Xiping Building
Jiafang He
ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT (2022.6-~)
Jiafang He graduated from Xiamen University in 2020, majoring in marine affairs. Her research direction is integrated coastal zone management. In June 2022, she joined the lab as an Administrative Assistant to assist the research group in completing daily operation, maintenance and management. In her free time, Jiafang He likes swimming and watching movies.
何佳芳2020年毕业于厦门大学海洋事务专业，研究方向是海岸带综合管理。2022年6月加入实验室，担任实验室行政助理一职，协助课题组完成日常运行、维护和管理工作。在空闲时间，何佳芳喜欢游泳和看电影。
Email: jiafang@xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-403 Xiping Building
Wen Si
GRADUATE STUDENT (2022.9-~)
Wen Si did her undergraduate studies in Shanghai Ocean University (SHOU) and joined the Li Lab as a Ph.D. student in 2022. Living in an inland city since childhood made her very curious about the ocean. Wen chose to major in Marine Science in SHOU and to pursue further graduate studies in Xiamen University after graduation. Here, Wen will explore changes in the large-scale ocean circulation with a special focus on the Atlantic’s overturning variability. In addition to her research, she loves movies, food and travel. Constantly exploring new things makes her excited and happy. Looking forward to meeting many new friends.
司文本科就读于上海海洋大学，2022年作为直博生加入李非栗课题组。从小生活在内陆城市使她对海洋充满好奇，在本科选择了海洋科学作为自己的专业，并在毕业后决定来厦门大学进行更深层次的学习。司文将在这里探索大尺度海洋环流的变化，尤其是大西洋经向翻转环流的变率。在科研学习之外，她热爱电影、美食以及旅行，不断探索新的事物会令她兴奋与愉悦。期待认识许多新朋友！
Email: siwen@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
Junqi Hou
GRADUATE STUDENT (2024.9-~)
Junqi Hou joined the research group as a master's student in 2024 and subsequently chose to continue her research through the master-to-doctoral track. During her doctoral studies, she focuses on the interaction between the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and the Arctic. Beyond research, she enjoys singing and playing games.
侯俊祺在2024年以硕士身份加入课题组后，选择通过硕博连读的方式继续课题的研究，在博士期间，她主要研究大西洋经向翻转环流与北极的相互作用。科研工作之外，她喜欢唱歌和玩游戏。
Email: houjunqi@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
Zhuowei Xie
GRAUDATE STUDENT (2025.9-~)
Zhuowei Xie got her bachelor’s degree in Atmosphere Science at Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, and earned a master’s in Physical Oceanography at Shanghai Ocean University. Zhuowei's current reserach focus on the characteristics of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) mainly based on numerical models. In her spare time, Zhuowei likes playing ping-pong and doing handicrafts.
解卓伟本科就读于南京信息工程大学学习大气科学专业，之后在上海海洋大学学习物理海洋学专业并获得了硕士学位。她于2025年以博士研究生的身份加入课题组，将会基于数值模式开展对大西洋经向翻转环流影响的研究。在空余时间她喜欢打乒乓球和做手工，期待和新朋友一起学习交流！
Email: zhuowei@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
Sixuan Chen
GRAUDATE STUDENT (2026.9-~)
Sixuan Chen received her bachelor's degree in Atmospheric Sciences from Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST) and her master's degree in Atmospheric Science, Oceanography and Climate from Stockholm University, Sweden. Her current research interests focus on how decadal variability in the ocean influences the AMOC. Outside of research, Sixuan is also a practitioner of the traditional Chinese martial art of Wing Chun.
陈思璇本科毕业于南京信息工程大学大气科学专业，后赴瑞典斯德哥尔摩大学攻读大气科学、海洋学与气候专业并获得硕士学位。目前主要关注海洋年代际变化对AMOC的影响。科研之余，她也是一名咏春拳习练者。
Email: sixuanchen@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
Yuchen Deng
GRADUATE STUDENT (2024.9-~)
Yuchen Deng pursued his undergraduate studies at the College of Oceanography of Hohai University. After graduating with a passion for the ocean, he came to Xiamen University to further his education in Physical Oceanography. Currently, his research interest is simulation analysis of AMOC mode. Besides his research, he enjoys basketball, fitness and swimming. He looks forward to learning and growing together with his peers in the research group.
邓宇晨本科就读于河海大学海洋学院。毕业后怀揣着对海洋的热爱，来厦门大学继续攻读物理海洋学专业，现阶段的研究方向是AMOC模态的模拟分析，在科研之余，邓宇晨喜欢篮球，健身，游泳。希望能和课题组小伙伴们一起学习，共同进步！
Email: dengyuchen@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
Mianqianxue Liu
GRAUDATE STUDENT (2025.9-~)
Mianqianxue Liu received her bachelor’s degree in Marine Science at Ocean University of China (OUC). As a master’s student in the lab, her current research interests lie in heat content and transport variations in the North Atlantic Ocean and the potential causes. Outside of research, she enjoys fitness, detective novels, and discovering great cuisines.
刘绵骞雪本科就读于中国海洋大学海洋科学专业，在2025年作为硕士研究生加入课题组。她目前对北大西洋的热含量与热输送方面感兴趣，并将在研究生阶段继续深耕。同时在科研之余，她也热爱健身、推理小说和寻找美食，期待认识更多朋友并一起交流！
Email: liumqx@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
Xinyue Yang
GRAUDATE STUDENT (2026.9-~)
Xinyue Yang received her B.S. in Atmospheric Sciences from Nanjing University and joined the group in 2026. She hopes to pursue further study in oceanography, with a research focus on the AMOC. Outside of research, she enjoys Chinese dance and playing volleyball. Looking forward to growing together with friends!
杨鑫悦本科毕业于南京大学大气科学专业，于2026年加入课题组，期望在海洋方面继续深造，研究AMOC相关问题。科研之外，她还喜欢跳中国舞、打排球。期待和朋友们共同进步！
Email: yangxinyue@stu.xmu.edu.cn
Office: C3-411 Xiping Building
FORMER GROUP MEMBERS
Dr. Sheng Wu, RESEARCH FELLOW (2021-2024)
Xueyao Ji, GRADUATE STUDENT (2023-2026)
Gang Wang, GRADUATE STUDENT (2022-2025)
Yuxin Wu, UNDERGRAD STUDENT (2021-2025)
Peng Xu, GRADUATE STUDENT (2021-2024)
Huayi Zheng, VISITING STUDENT (2022)
Chunyu Ren, VISITING STUDENT (2021)
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Li, F.,Y. Fu, T. Petit, S. Zou, 2026: Strengthening of Labrador Sea overturning linked to subsurface freshening over recent decades, Geophysical Research Letters, 53(1), e2025GL118605, doi.org/10.1029/2025GL118605.
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Jiang, W., C. Frankignoul, G. Gastineau, J. Mignot, F. Li, 2025: Unveiling the global oceanic influence of Atlantic Multidecadal Variability using pacemaker experiments, Journal of Climate, 38, 7089–7104, doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-25-0088.1.
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Fu, Y., M.S. Lozier, A. Bower, K. Burmeister, T.C. Biló, F. Cyr, S.A. Cunningham, B. deYoung, A.F. Dilmahamod, M.F. de Jong, N. Fried, N.P. Holliday, N.J. Fraser, W.E. Johns, F. Li, J. Karstensen, R.S. Pickart, F. Straneo, I. Yashayaev, 2025: Characterizing the interannual variability of North Atlantic subpolar overturning, Geophysical Research Letters, 52, e2025GL114672e2025GL114672, doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114672.
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Zheng, H., L. Cheng, F. Li, Y. Pan, C. Zhu, 2024: An observation-based estimate of Atlantic meridional freshwater transport, Geophysical Research Letters, 51(24), e2024GL110021, doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110021.
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Li, F., Y. Fu, M.S. Lozier, I.A. Le Bras, M.F. de Jong, Y. Wang, A. Sanchez-Franks, 2024: Deep circulation variability through the eastern subpolar North Atlantic, Journal of Climate, 37(23), 6221-6234, doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-23-0487.1.
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Zou, S., T. Petit, F. Li, M.S. Lozier, 2024: Observation-based estimates of water mass transformation and formation in the Labrador Sea, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 54(7), 1411-1429, doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-23-0235.1.
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Sanchez-Franks, A., N.P. Holliday, D.G. Evans, N. Fried, O. Tooth, L. Chafik, Y. Fu, F. Li, M.F. de Jong, H.L. Johnson, 2024: The Irminger Gyre as a key driver of the subpolar North Atlantic overturning, Geophysical Research Letters, 51(8), e2024GL108457, doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108457.
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Fu, Y., M.S. Lozier, T.C. Biló, A.S. Bower, S.A. Cunningham, F. Cyr, M.F. de Jong, B. deYoung, L. Drysdale, N. Fraser, N. Fried, H.H. Furey, G. Han, P. Handmann, N.P. Holliday, J. Holte, M.E. Inall, W.E. Johns, S. Jones, J. Karstensen, F. Li, A. Pacini, R.S. Pickart, D. Rayner, F. Straneo, I. Yashayaev, 2023: Seasonality of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic, Communications Earth & Environment, 4, 181, doi:10.1038/s43247-023-00848-9 .
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Kim, M.H., D.W. Kim, D. Kim, F. Li, Y.H. Jo, 2023: Estimation of deep-water formation intensity using multi-satellite measurements in the East Sea (Japan sea), Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 103969, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2023.103969.
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Koman, G., W.E. Johns, A. Houk, L. Houpert, F. Li, 2022: Circulation and Overturning in the Eastern North Atlantic Subpolar gyre, Progress in Oceanography, 102884, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102884.
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Li, F., M.S. Lozier, N.P. Holliday, W.E. Johns, I.A. Le Bras, B.I. Moat, S.A. Cunningham, F.M. de Jong, 2021: Observation-based estimates of heat and freshwater exchanges from the subtropical North Atlantic to the Arctic, Progress in Oceanography, 197, 102640, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2021.102640.
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Li, F., M.S. Lozier, S. Bacon, A. Bower, S.A. Cunningham, M.F. de Jong, B. deYoung, N. Fraser, N. Fried, G. Han, N.P. Holliday, J. Holte, L. Houpert, M.E. Inall, W.E. Johns, S. Jones, C. Johnson, J. Karstensen, I.A. LeBras, P. Lherminier, X. Lin, H. Mercier, M. Oltmanns, A. Pacini, T. Petit, R.S. Pickart, D. Rayner, F. Straneo, V. Thierry, M. Visbeck, I. Yashayaev, C. Zhou, 2021: Subpolar North Atlantic western boundary density anomalies and the Meridional Overturning Circulation, Nature Communications, 12, 3002, doi:10.1038/s41467-021-23350-2.
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Berx, B., D. Volkov, J. Baehr, M.O. Baringer, P. Brandt, K. Burmeister, S. Cunningham, M.F. de Jong, L. de Steur, S. Dong, E. Frajka-Williams, G.J. Goni, N.P. Holliday, R. Hummels, R. Ingvaldsen, K. Jochumsen, W. Johns, S. Jónsson, J. Karstensen, D. Kieke, R. Krishfield, M. Lankhorst, K.M.H. Larsen, I. Le Bras, C.M. Lee, F. Li, S. Lozier, A. Macrander, G. McCarthy, C. Mertens, B. Moat, M. Moritz, R. Perez, I. Polyakov, A. Proshutinsky, B. Rabe, M. Rhein, C. Schmid, Ø. Skagseth, D.A. Smeed, M.-L. Timmermans, W.-J. von Appen, B. Williams, R. Woodgate, I. Yashayaev, 2021: Climate-relevant ocean transport measurements in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans, Pp 10-11, Frontiers in Ocean Observing: Documenting Ecosystems, Understanding Environmental Changes, Forecasting Hazards, E.S. Kappel, S.K. Juniper, S. Seeyave, E. Smith, and M. Visbeck, eds, A Supplement to Oceanography 34(4), doi:10.5670/oceanog.2021.supplement.02-04.
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Kostov, Y., H. Johnson, D. Marshall, P. Heimbach, G. Forget, N.P. Holliday, M.S. Lozier, F. Li, H. Pillar, T. Smith, 2021: Distinct sources of interannual subtropical and subpolar Atlantic overturning variability, Nature Geoscience, 14, 491–495, doi:10.1038/s41561-021-00759-4 .
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Le Bras, I.A., F. Straneo, M. Muilwijk, L.H. Smedsrud, F. Li, M.S. Lozier, N.P. Holliday, 2021: How much Arctic fresh water participates in the subpolar overturning circulation? Journal of Physical Oceanography, 51(3), 955–973, doi:10.1175/JPO-D-20-0240.1.
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Li, L., M.S. Lozier, F. Li, 2021: Century-long cooling trend in subpolar North Atlantic forced by atmosphere: An alternative explanation, Climate Dynamics, doi:10.1007/s00382-021-06003-4.
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Wang, H., J. Zhao, F. Li, X. Lin, 2021: Seasonal and interannual variability of the Meridional Overturning Circulation in the subpolar North Atlantic diagnosed from a high resolution reanalysis dataset, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 126, e2020JC017130, doi:10.1029/2020JC017130.
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Fu, Y., F. Li, J. Karstensen, C. Wang, 2020: A stable Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation in a changing North Atlantic Ocean since the 1990s, Science Advances, 6(48), eabc7836, doi:10.1126/sciadv.abc7836 .
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Volkov, D.L., C.S. Meinen, C. Schmid, B. Moat, M. Lankhorst, S. Dong, F. Li, W. Johns, S. Lozier, R. Perez, G. Goni, M. Kersalé, E. Frajka-Williams, M. Baringer, D. Smeed, D. Rayner, A. Sanchez-Franks, U. Send, 2020: Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and associated heat transport [in “State of the Climate in 2019”], Bulletin of the American Meteorology Society, 101(8), S159–S163, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0105.1.
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Zou, S., M.S. Lozier, F. Li, R. Abernathey, L. Jackson, 2020: Density-compensated overturning in the Labrador Sea, Nature Geoscience, 13, 121–126, doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0517-1.
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Li, F., M.S. Lozier, G. Danabasoglu, N.P. Holliday, Y.-O. Kwon, A. Romanou, S.G. Yeager, R. Zhang, 2019: Local and downstream relationships between Labrador Sea Water volume and North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation variability, Journal of Climate, 32(13), 3883–3898, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-18-0735.1.
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Lozier, M.S., F. Li, S. Bacon, F. Bahr, A.S. Bower, S.A. Cunningham, M.F. de Jong, L. de Steur, B. deYoung, J. Fischer, S.F. Gary, B.J.W. Greenan, N.P. Holliday, A. Houk, L. Houpert, M.E. Inall, W.E. Johns, H.L. Johnson, C. Johnson, J. Karstensen, G. Koman, I.A. Le Bras, X. Lin, N. Mackay, D.P. Marshall, H. Mercier, M. Oltmanns, R.S. Pickart, A.L. Ramsey, D. Rayner, F. Straneo, V. Thierry, D.J. Torres, R.G. Williams, C. Wilson, J. Yang, I. Yashayaev, J. Zhao, 2019: A sea change in our view of overturning in the subpolar North Atlantic, Science, 363(6426), 516-521, doi:10.1126/science.aau6592.
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Li, F., M.S. Lozier, 2018: On the linkage between Labrador Sea Water volume and overturning circulation in the Labrador Sea: A case study on proxies, Journal of Climate, 31(13), 5225–5241, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0692.1.
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Holliday, N.P., S. Bacon, S.A. Cunningham, S.F. Gary, J. Karstensen, B.A. King, F. Li, E.L. McDonagh, 2018: Subpolar North Atlantic overturning and gyre-scale circulation in the summers of 2014 and 2016, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 123(7), 4538-4559, doi:10.1029/2018JC013841.
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Li, F., M.S. Lozier, W.E. Johns, 2017: Calculating the meridional volume, heat and freshwater transports from an observing system in the subpolar North Atlantic: Observing System Simulation Experiment, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 34(7), 1483–1500, doi:10.1175/JTECH-D-16-0247.1.
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Lozier, M.S., S. Bacon, A.S. Bower, S.A. Cunningham, M.F. de Jong, L. de Steur, B. deYoung, J. Fischer, S.F. Gary, B.J.W. Greenan, P. Heimbach, N.P. Holliday, L. Houpert, M.E. Inall, W.E. Johns, H.L. Johnson, J. Karstensen, F. Li, X. Lin, N. Mackay, D.P. Marshall, H. Mercier, P.G. Myers, R.S. Pickart, H.R. Pillar, F. Straneo, V. Thierry, R.A. Weller, R.G. Williams, C. Wilson, J. Yang, J. Zhao, J.D. Zika, 2017: Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program: A new international ocean observing system, Bulletin of the American Meteorology Society, 98(4), 737–752, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0057.1.
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Li, F., Y.-H. Jo, X.-H. Yan, 2016: Climate signals in the mid- to high-latitude North Atlantic from altimeter observations, Journal of Climate, 29(13), 4905–4925, doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00670.1.
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Li, F., Y.-H. Jo, X.-H. Yan, W. T. Liu, 2015: Varying temperature and heat content signatures in the central Labrador Sea at different layers and timescales, Deep-Sea Research I, 103, 114–124, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2015.04.012.
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Li, F., Y.-H. Jo, W.T. Liu, X.-H. Yan, 2012: A dipole pattern of the sea surface height anomaly in the North Atlantic: 1990s – 2000s, Geophysical Research Letters, 39, L15604, doi:10.1029/2012GL052556.
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